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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Healthy narcissism ： ウィキペディア英語版 Healthy narcissism Healthy narcissism is a concept that developed slowly out of the psychoanalytic tradition, and became popular in the late twentieth century. The healthy narcissist has been characterised as possessing realistic self-esteem without being cut off from a shared emotional life, as the unhealthy narcissist tends to be.〔Simon Crompton, ''All About Me'' (London 2007) p. 37〕 ==Freud and normal narcissism== Freud considered narcissism a natural part of the human makeup that, taken to extremes, prevents people from having meaningful relationships.〔Simon Crompton, ''All About Me'' (London 2007) p. 21〕 While he recognised the allure of the narcissist for more normal people, 〔Sigmund Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' (PFL 11) p. 82-3〕 he didn't have a concept of healthy narcissism as such.〔Elizabeth Lunbech, ''The Americanization of Narcissism'' (2014) p. 105〕 It was in the 1930s that Paul Federn introduced the concept to cover an adequate sense of self-love, but not until the 1970s in the work of Otto Kernberg and Heinz Kohut did the idea come to the fore.〔Elizabeth Lunbech, ''The Americanization of Narcissism'' (2014) p. 104 and p. 5〕 Kohut spoke of a child's "normal narcissism" and of normal narcissistic entitlement;〔James Grotstein, "Foreword", Neville Symington, ''Narcissism: A New Theory'' (London 1993) p. xiii〕 and considered that if early narcissistic needs could be adequately met, the individual would move on to what he called a “mature form of positive self-esteem; self-confidence:”〔Heinz Kohut, ''The Analysis of the Self''(Madison 1971) p. 215 and p. 9〕 healthy narcissism. Neville Symington challenged Kohut's belief in positive narcissism, arguing that “we do not get positive narcissism without self-hatred”,〔Neville Symington, ''Narcissism: A New Theory'' (London 1993) p. 58〕 or negative narcissism. While one could talk of healthy self-confidence and positive self-esteem or self-confidence, he considered that “it is meaningless to talk about healthy self-centredness”〔Neville Symington, ''Narcissism: A New Theory'' (London 1993) p. p. 8-9〕 - that being the core of narcissism. Nevertheless pop psychology has taken up the idea of healthy narcissism as an aid to self-assertion and success.〔Wendy T. Behary, ''Disarming the narcissist'' (2009) p. 26-9〕 It has indeed been suggested that it is useful to think of a continuum of narcissism, from the healthy to the pathological, with stable narcissism and destructive narcissism as stopping-points in between.〔Nina W. Brown, ''Children of the Self-Absorbed'' (2008) p. 7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Healthy narcissism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.